Linux Terminal Commands

List directory contents.

ls -lah

Show the current working directory.

pwd

Copy files or directories.

cp -r src backup

Move or rename files.

mv app.log logs/app.log

Remove files or directories.

rm old.log

Create a file or update its timestamp.

touch notes.txt

Search text patterns.

grep -R "error" /var/log

Find files and directories.

find . -type f -name "*.ts"

Change permissions.

chmod 755 script.sh

Change file owner or group.

sudo chown user:group file.txt

List processes.

ps aux

Monitor system processes.

top

Control systemd services.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Read systemd logs.

journalctl -u nginx -f

Show and manage network interfaces.

ip addr

Inspect sockets and listening ports.

ss -tulpn

Print file contents.

cat /etc/os-release

View file contents page by page.

less app.log

Show the end of a file and optionally follow updates.

tail -f /var/log/syslog

Show the beginning of a file.

head -n 20 app.log

Show file or directory disk usage.

du -sh .

Show filesystem disk usage.

df -h

Create or extract tar archives.

tar -czf archive.tar.gz folder

Create zip archives.

zip -r site.zip public

Extract zip archives.

unzip site.zip

Make HTTP requests.

curl -I https://example.com

Download files from the web.

wget https://example.com/file.zip

Test connectivity to a host.

ping example.com

Trace network route to a host.

traceroute example.com

Manage packages on Debian and Ubuntu systems.

sudo apt install nginx

Manage packages on Fedora and related systems.

sudo dnf install nodejs

Manage Docker containers and images.

docker ps

Edit scheduled cron jobs.

crontab -e